Analysis Of Basho s Poetry Matsuo Kinsaku And The...

Fike 1 Haley Fike English 102 Mrs. Tesenair 15 March 2017 Imagery in Basho’s Poetry Matsuo Kinsaku, or Basho, is a 17th century Japanese poet known for his haiku and similar haiku variations. He was born in Ueno, Japan in 1644 and died in Osaka, Japan in 1694. Basho was a son of a samurai and intended on becoming one himself until his lord passed away in 1666. Basho’s writing career began after his lord’s death and continued until his own death in 1694. Basho influenced literature the most through his unique haiku (Poetry Foundation). Three of his most famous poems, â€Å"Heat Lightning Streak,† â€Å"The Old Pond,† and â€Å"Ungraciously† illustrate Basho’s style well. Matsuo’s combination of travelling and studies concocted his impeccable haiku form†¦show more content†¦Author Victoria Price accurately describes Matsuo’s style â€Å"The two major aspects of BashÃ… Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s poetic spirit are a high spiritual attainment, on one hand, and a mundane enjoyment of pleasu re in the modern world, on the other. The goal of enlightenment is at the center of spiritual attainment, while enjoyment of the world includes such ideas as plainness and lightness† (Price). Basho’s works vividly illustrate the beauty particularly of Japan and connection between man and nature. â€Å"Heat Lightning Streak†, â€Å"The Old Pond†, and â€Å"Ungraciously† all colorfully paint a picture of nature’s phenomena and compare it to an animal coordinating with it. Similar popular poems by Basho include â€Å"A Bee†, â€Å"A Snowy Morning†, and â€Å"Autumn Moonlight†. These poems all evoke realistic pictures of nature with a meaningful allusion. Basho has an exclusive writing style. His work is primarily identified by the use of imagery and metaphors. Imagery is crucial to poems â€Å"Imagery is the name given to the elements in a poem that spark off the senses,† because it gives life to a poem (The Poetry Ar chive). His works contain a universal message applicable for all or symbolize an occurrence or object. Matsuo’s works often are centered around a Japanese aesthetics sabi, or love of the old (Britannica). Matsuo often uses the basic form for haiku, which is a three line poem with the first Fike 3 line consisting of five syllables, second line with seven syllables, and third line with five

Advantages and Disadvantages of Hiring Employees with...

INTRODUCTION Walgreens is the first company ever to introduce a diversity and inclusion program within their company, which gives them a first mover advantage in the market. With this strategy, the company was able to gather a variety of skills and knowledge that competitors didn’t have in their distribution centers, well increasing their efficiency and productivity. This paper, will discuss the advantages and disadvantages that comes with hiring people with disabilities. And how, these disadvantages are not as problematic as perceived, as well as how some risk associated with these disadvantages can be mitigated. Furthermore, this diversity and inclusion program should be included in Proctor Gamble, since their purpose and core†¦show more content†¦DISADVANTAGE Although the disability inclusion initiative gives the company numerous benefits, the program also comes with a cost of implementing new infrastructures in order for the warehouses to be disabled friendly. For example, employees with physical disability will require longer time to move equipment, and/or employees with mental disability will need more time to read and interpret documents. Thus, companies hiring employees with disabilities will need to accommodate them by switching from text-based to image-based equipment and/or implement more automation in the warehouses. With that being said, changes in the hiring process will also be required in order to effectively hire disabled employees. At Walgreens, the company had to alter the way they hire and recruit, since a lot of disabled people needed assistance to apply for a position in the company. 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Challenges in Mozambique Free Essays

MOZAMBIQUE’S CHALLENGES By Alina Sandra Silvi Abstract Mozambique, by its official name the Republic of Mozambique is a country in south-eastern Africa which in 1505 was colonized by Portugal. The country became independent in 1975 but in 1977 a civil war started and lasted for 15 years†¦ by the end an estimated one million lives were lost. However, lots of things have changed for Mozambique in a decade; â€Å"from being one of the poorest countries on Earth, it has joined a rare group of success stories† (Vines A. We will write a custom essay sample on Challenges in Mozambique or any similar topic only for you Order Now , 2004). Today, its economy is booming, absolute poverty has fallen and all is due to increased production in agriculture – the main source through which people sustain their livelihoods. â€Å"The country’s economic performance has been spectacular since 1994, making it one of the greatest recipients of foreign capital inflows in Africa. These inflows and increasing domestic growth enabled government expenditure on social and infrastructure projects to be doubled. Investment has included the two billion dollars BHP – Billiton aluminium smelter – the largest single investment in Mozambique’s history† (Vines A. 2004) Introduction This report will analyze some of the problems that Mozambique is still facing because despite the positive aspects presented, Mozambique is still struggling to achieve the eight Millennium Development Goals. The paper will focus on three inequalities although all of them are interrelated and all need to be achieved equally for a sustainable development of the country. First of all, the eradication of absolute poverty and hunger will be evaluated because half of Mozambique’s population is still living below poverty line. Secondly, the achieving of universal education will be assessed because through education people become more informed and develop skills which can help them to improve their lives; someone once said, â€Å"Give a man a fish and he will eat for a day, teach a man to fish and he will eat for a lifetime† (Madi M. and Wilson E. , 2005). In the end, the report will look at the impact of HIV/AIDS and other diseases on people and at how they can be combated. 1. Extreme poverty and hunger Every day we hear on the news or read in the newspapers that more and more people are starving and live in extreme poverty. This is also the case of Mozambique, a rich country due to its natural resources, with an economy considered of huge potential but where people still live in unimaginable conditions and got to bed with their stomachs aching due to the lack of food. Lappe et al (1998) present in their book some of the ‘causes’ of the hunger and also prove that they are only myths†¦ myths which can be contradicted. For example, one of the myths says that there is not enough food in the world and that is why some people go hungry†¦ ut, in fact, the world today produces enough grain itself in order to feed everyone and to provide them with thirty-five hundred calories per day. The American Association for the Advancement of Science found in a study that 78% of all undernourished children under five live in developing countries with food surpluses (Lappe, F. M. et al, 1998). Also countries such as India, Africa and Bangladesh, where hunger is at a high level, export much more in agr icultural goods than they import. All these facts led to a single conclusion: that food scarcity is clearly not the cause of hunger. The main conclusion of the book – World hunger: 12 myths (Lappe, F. M. et al, 1998) – is that hunger is driven by poverty because people are too poor to buy readily available food and all this requires political not agrotechnical solutions. Allen, T. and Thomas, A. (2000) stated, â€Å"Chronic hunger is related to poverty and a persistent failure to generate sufficient entitlements in a society†. The World Bank measures poverty by the percentage of people living below an income of one US dollar per day. (see appendix 1, fig. ) The proportion of the population living under the poverty line declined from 69. 4% in 1997 to 54. 1% in 2003. The main factor that led to such an improvement was the economic growth rate which was above 7% for much of the past decade. To continue the strong commitment and leadership proved since the achievement of PARPA I the Government of Mozambique have now implemented PARPA II which will be developed under the â€Å"areas of macro-econ omy and poverty, governance, economic development, human capital and cross-cutting issues† (Mozambique second MDG report, 2005). 2. Education The second Millenium Development Goal’s – Achieve universal primary education – target is â€Å"to ensure that, by 2015, all boys and girls are able to complete a full course of primary schooling† (Mozambique second MDG report, 2005). In 1975, when the Portuguese left the country, Mozambique’s only university lost most of its teaching staff and was forced to play its role in developing skilled manpower for the socialist experiment. The system of primary education in Mozambique contains two cycles: a lower level of five years (EP1) followed by two years of higher level (EP2). The net enrolment rate (NER) for EP1 increased substantially between 1997 and 2003, from 44% to 69. 4% (Mozambique second MDG report, 2005). Despite this progress Mozambique is still facing a high level of geographical and residential disparities, and also a gender gap – the NER for girls in EP1 was 66. 4% compared to 72. 4% among boys (Mozambique second MDG report, 2005). The completion rates in EP1 also increased from 22% in 1997 to 38. 7% in 2003, however, the country will not achieve the MDG target for 2015 if substantial and financial resources are not invested in the system. The World Bank stated in a report in 1985 that the role of literacy it is very powerful in determining a population’s level of mortality and also suggested that â€Å"this factor carries far more weight than many others, including income growth† (Allen, T. and Thomas, A. , 2000) Female education also has an important role in providing good health because an educated woman is capable of creating a healthier environment for her family. This idea has been supported by two of the World Bank’s publications – one in 1983 and the other in ten years later (Allen, T. and Thomas, A. , 2000). In order to solve the education problem a first Education Sector Strategic Plan (ESSP I) was implemented for 1999-2003 period. The plan’s goal was to improve the education system in order to promote economic and social development and poverty reduction in Mozambique (Mozambique second MDG report, 2005). In 2005, the second ESSP was approved covering the period 2005-2009; its role is to continue the work of the first ESSP but also to strengthen it. 3. HIV/AIDS and other diseases The death rate of children under five years old in the least developed countries is 40% and the rate for people under 65 is 84% compared with only . 7% and 23% respectively in rich countries (Allen, T. and Thomas, A. , 2000) . All these deaths are generated by diseases attack, especially the infectious and parasitic ones. The greatest threats for Mozambique’s development are HIV/AIDS. From 1998 to 2004 the HIV/AIDS prevalence among adults has increased from 8. 2% to 16. 2% although it varies grea tly between the three regions of the country. (see appendix 1, fig. 2) In 2003 1. 5 million Mozambicans had HIV/AIDS (8% of total population) the majority being represented by women (58%). Among those living with HIV/AIDS 5. 8% were children under 15 years old. An important thing to bear in mind is that just as HIV and AIDS generate poverty and inequalities so do poverty and inequality facilitate the transmission of HIV. This happens because people in poor areas do not have the necessary income in order to buy condoms or an easy access to health facilities and HIV infection programmes. Today, HIV accounts for considerable mortality and morbidity and â€Å"the UN programme UNAIDS recently estimated that by the end of 1996 more than 23 million people worldwide were infected with HIV and more than 6 million people had died with AIDS† (World Bank, 1997). Moreover, HIV/AIDS facilitate the transmission of other infectious diseases such as tuberculosis (TB); the most vulnerable one being again the poor ones who live in overcrowded conditions and have very low incomes. In fact, â€Å"TB is now one of the leading causes of death among adults in many developing countries and it is estimated that it kills about three million people a year. The increase in fatal cases parallels the AIDS epidemic in many countries† (Allen, T. and Thomas, A. , 2000). In order to confront this problem, in 2002, a multi-sectoral National AIDS Council (NAC) was created to lead and coordinate the national response to HIV/AIDS. The government also revised its National Strategic Plan to Combat HIV/AIDS and created a second one, for the period 2005-2009, that â€Å"will prioritise the following seven areas: prevention, advocacy, stigma and discrimination, treatment, mitigation, research and investigation and coordination of the national response† (Mozambique second MDG report, 2005). Conclusion This report presented only three of the inequalities facing Mozambique when, in fact, there are much more and all of them are interrelated, creating a vicious cycle that needs to be broken in order to achieve a full and satisfactory development. The Secretary-General has outlined a number of priorities for UN action to sustain the development of all countries in Africa: * Regional structures must be strengthened; * Their economies have to be diversified and increase the promotion of ‘free-market’ and ‘free-trade’; * Promotion of a Green-Revolution by financing the development of high-yield food crops etc. UN Chronicle, 1995) List of references: Allen, T. and Thomas, A. (2000) Poverty and development into the 21st century Lappe, F. M. , Collins, J. and Rosset, P. (1998) World hunger: 12 Myths Madi, M. And Wilson, E. (2005) Poverty in Africa. The world today journal, vol. 61, no. 11 Report on the Millenium Development Goals – Mozambique (2005) [online] available from http://www. undg. org/archive_docs/6958-Mozambique_Second_MDG_Report. pdf [12 February 2011] Vines, A. (2004) Mozambique: Orderly change. World development journal, vol. 60, no. 12 UN Chronicle (1995) vol. XXXII, no. 4 How to cite Challenges in Mozambique, Papers

MEDEA Argumentative Essay Example For Students

MEDEA Argumentative Essay A monologue from the play by Euripides NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Plays of Euripides in English, vol. ii. Trans. Shelley Dean Milman. London: J.M. Dent Sons, 1922. MEDEA: From my apartment, ye Corinthian dames,Lest ye my conduct censure, I come forth:For I have known full many who obtainedFame and high rank; some to the public gazeStood ever forth, while others, in a sphereMore distant, chose their merits to display:Nor yet a few, who, studious of repose,Have with malignant obloquy been calledDevoid of spirit: for no human eyesCan form a just discernment; at one glance,Before the inmost secrets of the heartAre clearly known, a bitter hate gainst himWho never wronged us they too oft inspire.But tis a strangers duty to adoptThe manners of the land in which he dwells;Nor can I praise that native, led astrayBy mere perverseness and oerweening folly,Who bitter enmity incurs from thoseOf his own city. But, alas! my friends,This unforseen calamity hath witheredThe vigour of my soul. I am undone,Bereft of every joy that life can yield,And therefore wish to die. For as to him,My husband, whom it did import me mostTo have a thorough knowledge of, he prov esThe worst of men. But sure among all thoseWho have with breath and reason been endued,We women are the most unhappy race.First, with abundant gold are we constrainedTo buy a husband, and in him receiveA haughty master. Still doth there remainOne mischief than this mischief yet more grievous,The hazard whether we procure a mateWorthless or virtuous: for divorces bringReproach to woman, nor must she renounceThe man she wedded; as for her who comesWhere usages and edicts, which at homeShe learnt not, are established, she the giftOf divination needs to teach her howA husband must be chosen: if arightThese duties we perform, and he the yokeOf wedlock with complacency sustains,Ours is a happy life; but if we failIn this great object, better twere to die.For, when afflicted by domestic ills,A man goes forth, his choler to appease,And to some friend or comrade can revealWhat he endures; but we to him aloneFor succour must look up. They still contendThat we, at home remaining, lead a lifeE xempt from danger, while they launch the spear:False are these judgments; rather would I thrice,Armed with a target, in th embattled fieldMaintain my stand, than suffer once the throesOf childbirth. But this language suits not you:This is your native city, the abodeOf your loved parents, every comfort lifeCan furnish is at hand, and with your friendsYou here converse: but I, forlorn, and leftWithout a home, am by that husband scornedWho carried me from a Barbarian realm.Nor mother, brother, or relation nowHave I, to whom I midst these storms of woe,Like an auspicious haven, can repair.Thus far I therefore crave ye will espouseMy interests, as if haply any meansOr any stratagem can be devisedFor me with justice to avenge these wrongsOn my perfidious husband, on the kingWho to that husbands arms his daughter gave,And the new-wedded princess; to observeStrict silence. For although at other timesA woman, filled with terror, is unfitFor battle, or to face the lifted sword,She when her so ul by marriage wrongs is fired,Thirsts with a rage unparalleled for blood.

Risk Perception and Analysis

Risk is perceived differently by different people. Risk assessment is important as it enables people to control and manage risks. There exist both traditional and modern methods of risk assessment. To discuss these issues, this study shall: summarize the main points made by Slovic and Clark and illustrate the difference between a cause and a mechanism by use of examples.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Risk Perception and Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A Summary of the Main Points made by Slovic The persons’ extra ability to modify and to react to the environment constructs and lessens risk. Risk assessment as an area of study has developed as a result of the indefinable and hard to control nature of present hazards, particularly the modern advancement of chemical and nuclear expertise (Slovic 280). Risk assessment as a subject of study is intended to aid in categorizing, quantifying and ty pifying risk. While scientifically refined analysts make use of risk assessment to assess hazards, the best part of populace depends on instinctive risk judgment, normally known as risk perceptions. For most citizens, understanding of hazards is usually developed from the news in the media, which scrupulously manuscripts threats and fears happening all over the planet. For instance, media have made a majority of Americans, and other developed states to believe that they are prone to experiencing more risks in prospect. This has majorly impacted the economic and political development of these nations (Nelkin 38). Anthropological and sociological works reveal that the perception and receipt of risks is usually grounded on cultural and social and aspects (Douglas and Albert 236). The reaction to hazards is influenced by social controls, which are conveyed by relatives, friends, colleague staff, and esteemed government officials. Psychological study on risk perception has resulted to an invention of a cluster of psychological strategies or heuristics, which persons make use of so as to make good judgment out of an uncertain existence (Kahneman et al. 46). Even though these strategies are applicable in some situations, they can end in great and importunate prejudices, with severe repercussions for risk assessment. In addition, research points out that those early views possessed by individuals are hard to change as they control the manner in which ensuing information is construed. Thus, novel evidence seems to be reliable and edifying if it is in line with an individual’s first beliefs. Presenting similar ideas regarding risk in dissimilar ways changes perspectives and measures.Advertising Looking for assessment on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Psychometric Paradigm Research on the psychometric paradigm is centered on the functions of emotion, affect and stigma in controlling risk percept ion (Slovic 284). Slovic in 1987 disputed Starr’s article by exploring expressed preferences, the amount of risk persons say they are ready to accept (281). He discovered that, different from Starr’s fundamental assumption, persons regarded the majority of risks in the humanity as being incongruously high. He also discovered that the space amid involuntary and voluntary risks was not that big, as alleged by Starr. Slovic discovered that it was possible to foretell and measure perceived risk. A person is apt to view present risk levels as inappropriately high for the majority of activities. All conditions held constant, the larger the perception of a gain by persons, the larger the forbearance of the risk (Slovic 284). If an individual acquired satisfaction by using a commodity, persons judged its profits as lofty and its risks as small. If the action was not liked, the verdicts would be the reverse. Exploration in psychometrics has established that risk perception is g reatly dependent on instinct, empirical thinking, and sensation. Psychometric research acknowledged a wide sphere of characteristics that can be reduced to three major factors including the extent to which a risk is comprehended; the extent to which the risk induces a sentiment of dread; and the quantity of persons likely to be impacted by the risk (Slovic 285). A dread risk educes intuitive feelings of fear of disaster and disparity. An indefinite risk is novel and strange to science. The more an individual dreads an action, the more elevated the perceived risk is, and the more that individual desires the risk abridged (Slovic 285). Risk perception study reveals that people’s profound anxieties are connected to the authenticity of widespread adverse media coverage and to a sturdy relationship amid nuclear power and the propagation and employment of nuclear arms (Burton et al. 264). Psychometric study can predict the reaction to technological tools that have the potential to cause strong and importunate public antagonism. However, differences in the span of an individual’s definition of risk can significantly alter the assessment of risk from a range of technological advancements (Slovic et al. 464).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Risk Perception and Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A Summary of the Main Points Made by Clark Risk is typified by diverse types of fears. The way that persons perceive those types of fears, influences their character. To understand contemporary issues in risk assessment, the historical perspective of social risk assessment is discussed in three segments: the European witch craze in the 16th and 17th centuries; resource management in the field of uncertainty; and drug safety and limits of regulation. I shall discuss each of this separately. The European Witch Craze in the 16th and 17th Centuries Witchcraft and witches have existed si nce time immemorial. For a long time, people regarded their fears of uncertainty as witches (Trevor—Roper 1). The term witches served as a sufficient explanation for the uncontrollable disasters which happened to people’s crops and wellbeing. During that time, the church assumed a cynical and a chiefly academic loom to these beliefs, teaching the distinction between truth and fantasy, and classifying witches directly in the latter group (Schwing and Walter 287). At some point, the lawmakers intervened on the illusions about witches by illegalizing them. Contemporary risk assessors do not harm their colleague residents. Instead, they attempt to insure against witch hunting by use of a systematic approaches to collect and assess proof on risk issues. However, the account of witch hunting puts forward that whatever we may be doing or intending to do in modern risk assessment is likely to be far from what occurs in reality. Thus, the only way that we can identify these inc onsistencies is through modifying the historical perspective, while offering clear grounds for adjustments. Several risk assessments employed today are usually identical with those that were employed by the inquisition. The advantage of the past perspective is that, with retrospection, we are able to realize the disparity and attempt to gain knowledge from it. Currently, there is an aspect of opportunistic vocation in the modern risk assessment society (Schwing and Walter 289). Similar to the past, the present science society is willing to practice its risk assessment actions into regions that are near home. In many aspects, contemporary risk assessment activities are parallel to the European witch craze. Resource Management on the Function of Uncertainty Nothing imaginary or of witch-like nature subsists in the risks experienced through people’s daily associations with water, plants and the entire environment (Clark 1). However, inadequate adjustment can lead to uncertaintie s in the future as well as the explicit and direct consequences of drowning, hunger and burning up. Anthropological research indicates that pre-industrial folk communities adjust to such ecological risks mainly through adaptation in human conduct (Clark 3).Advertising Looking for assessment on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many a time we adjust to the environment, but still disaster strikes us. For instance, even with a great deal of efforts by the U.S. to manage floods, an insupportable rainfall hit resulting to vast floods (Burton et al. 264). Again, communal health and vaccination crusades have done much good, as they have assisted in the prevention of diseases, especially among children. However, the abridged frequency of ailments brought by vaccination is always accompanied by augmentations of other types of risks. This is so since the efforts to manage ailments introduces alien substances in the composite biological structure. Drug Safety: The Limits of Regulation Medicines, even though they planned to enhance lives, create risks of recognized types. Therefore, the assessment of risks posed by clinical drugs is simpler than other risk conditions. The fundamental actions for risk-benefit judgments of drugs are also soundly recognized. Preliminary testing makes use of broad knowledge and skill on identical products. However, different nations have diverse policies pertaining drugs. In order to make efficient policies of risk management, it is vital to have cautiously planned studies that demonstrate the types of risks that the current testing measures can catch, and the type of risks that they allow to trip. Suitable combinations of risk assessment strategies are not likely to surface from even the most refined thoughts; hence there is the need to carry out adaptive risk management. In the final section of the paper, Clark demonstrates that all traditions place themselves in the antagonism of the unknown and endeavor to conquer or manipulate it, hoping to set up a more unsurprising and less scary world. He stresses the need to take risks in the medical field as well as in other similar fields. The Difference between a Cause and a Mechanism The conventional approach to perceiving actions has been to consider it as a cluster of effects created by preceding causes (Reinout 20). Causes and effects are commonly acknowledged in the shape of events. After a lightning stroke appears, one expects a roll of thunder. In this case, the occurrence of one event results to the occurrence of the other. Causation is characterized by a series of actions (Ashraf 38). Causation depicts the sequence in which actions consistently happen, although it does not engross a depiction of the mechanism that relates cause and effect. Characterizing action in terms of causes and effects is extremely hasty since each novel cause has to be independently allied to its effects (Ashraf 38). The following is an example of a case that can be used to explain a mechanism. As a result of air entering the room from an open window, a thermostat will start the furnace. In case, it was switched off, the current of air makes the thermostat to start the furnace. On further observation, one sees another cause-effect association. In case, it was on, increase in temperature can evoke the thermostat to switch off the furnace. This is parallel to the former cause-effect incident, although the cause and effect are in the reverse routes. More observations confirm several other comprehensive forms of causes and effects, depending on the duration of time that the furnace remains on or off. Chilly climate remote to the house makes the thermostat maintain the furnace activated for longer periods than it maintains the furnace switched off, while mild heat makes the furnace switch off soon after it is switched on, and warm heat makes the thermostat to maintain the furnace switched off all along. The number of causes and effects can be lengthened for an indefinite period, without indication of why any experienced cause has particular effects and without creating any capacity to envisage what a novel sort of cause will occur. For instance, holding a large party in the house or placing a fire in the house will both generate identical effects via the thermostat. Different from a cause, a mecha nism never work merely for definite causes and definite effects; it connects a big number of diverse causes, which are capable of influencing a structure, to the entire end effects that the structure can generate. The example discussed above, of a thermostat’s mechanism, shows the connection between heat from the atmosphere and the on and off condition of a furnace. The connection between these two remains just similar, despite the causes that influence the exterior temperature. From the above association, it is possible to envisage the entire effects that will occur on the furnace. If an individual places fire in the house, it is likely that the furnace will be switched off by the thermostat, as a result of high temperatures. A mechanism involves causes that one may not be able to perform experimentally as they could be harmful (Brooks 39). However, the effects are always obvious. The fact that a house could be on fire would be of no interest to the thermostat. Its interest would be that there is a rise in temperatures, and thus should turn the furnace off. In conclusion, for most citizens, understanding of hazards is usually developed from the news in the media, which scrupulously manuscripts threats and fears happening all over the planet. Risk assessment is important as it enables people to control and manage risks. In some cases, it is important for one to assess the benefits and the risk factors, for instance in the use of vaccines. Finally, the major difference between a cause and a mechanism is that a mechanism connects a big number of diverse causes, which are capable of influencing a structure, to the entire end effects that the structure can generate. Case Damage/Injury/Loss Event Energy Form Mechanism Outcome 1 Death, Physical Injury Linear Motion Boat being smashed Breakage 2 Loss to airlines Ambient condition Snow falling Runways closed 3 Payouts to fishing, tourism industries; Oxidation Fire Ocean covered with fuel 4 Damage Gra vitational Flood Power failure 5 Death Ambient condition Falling into the sea Body grew colder 6 Death Structural strain Failure of supports Collapse of tank 7 Death, Physical Injury Oxidation Solvent heating up Explosion 8 Damage Structural strain Truck stretching cable Breakage 9 Injury Oxidation Mixing Aluminium and Sodium Nitrate Explosion 10 Death Action-Reaction Gun firing People shot Ideas adopted from â€Å"Subject notes and study guide for risk perception and analysis† (12 – 16, 18) In this case, the threat is leakage of gas under pressure from the cover drill hole. This is energy. The energy involved is chemical energy since it involves oxidation of the gas which leads to the explosion. Another threat is the presence of intrinsically unsafe electrical equipment. This is also energy. In this case, the energy involved is electrical potential energy (â€Å"Subject notes and study guide for risk perception and analysis† 16). The event is ga s leakage from the cover drill hole. An event is described as the moment in time when management is lost against a threat. As a result, assets become vulnerable to the outcomes of the events. In this case, the gas leaking from the cover drill hole proves that control had been lost over the threat, thus making assets (people, the mine, and equipment) vulnerable to the events’ outcomes (â€Å"Subject notes and study guide for risk perception and analysis† 17). Mechanisms are described as the reasons for the occurrence of an event. For this case, the first mechanism was cover drilling. Cover drilling has the potential of exposing the pressurized gas if the gas leaks from the cover drill hole. The other mechanism involved the leaked gas coming in contact with the intrinsically unsafe electrical equipment (â€Å"Subject notes and study guide for risk perception and analysis† 17). The most devastating outcome was the explosion that subsequently occurred after the gas had escaped from the cover drill hole. The gas leakage could also lead to respiratory problems to those directly inhaling the escaped gases (â€Å"Subject notes and study guide for risk perception and analysis† 17 – 19). The consequence of the outcomes could be death to the miners. In this case study, we are informed that 19 people died as a result of the explosion. Another consequence of the outcome could be damage to the mine and the equipment found in the vicinity of the explosion. In the case study, we are informed that there was widespread damage that covered up to 500 m from the core of the explosion (â€Å"Subject notes and study guide for risk perception and analysis† 19). The assets in this case study included people (the miners), the mine itself and the equipment used in the mine (â€Å"Subject notes and study guide for risk perception and analysis† 11, 17). Assignment 2 Control Measure Application to the Gas explosion in a mine Eliminate the threat Plug a cover on the cover drill hole to prevent gas leakage. Remove intrinsically unsafe electrical equipment in the mine. Avoid smoking in the mine. Reduce the size of the threat Reinforce the use of gas detectors in the mines. Flush the accumulated gas in the probe pipe of the gas detectors. Reduce the probability that the threat will occur Check the presence of gases in both high and low points of the mine. Remove or redirect the vulnerability pathway Make tunnel layouts, ventilation routes and controls less complex. Protect the asset Stop cover drilling once high gas concentration is detected. Remove the asset from the vulnerability pathway Do not cover drill when there is a high gas concentration in the mine. Adapted from â€Å"Subject notes and study guide for risk perception and analysis† 20. 1. Comparing different risks Likelihood Consequence 1 (Insign.) 2 (Minor) 3 (Moderate) 4 (Major) 5 (Catastr.) A (Almost certain) B (Likely) C (Moderate) D (Unlikely) E (Rare) Risk estimation â€Å"matrix† (Adapted from â€Å"Subject notes and study guide for risk perception and analysis† 48) Smoking is one of the factors that are almost certain to occur and its consequence is catastrophic. The case study notes that, although it is not allowed to smoke in the mines, the miners are not prevented from smoking by this rule. This makes the factor almost certain to occur. The presence of highly flammable gases in the mines makes the consequence of this activity very catastrophic if the cigarette, or matchstick, or lighter’s flame would come in contact with a flammable gas. The result would be an explosion. It is likely that a gas would escape from the cover drill hole. The consequence of such an action is minor. As noted in the case study, the gas will be intercepted and escapes through the hole in half the number of times cover drilling is done. Although the hole cannot be plugg ed to deny the gas the chance of escaping, it is not likely that this would lead to an explosion. As noted in the case study, explosions have only occurred 12 times in 6 years in the mine. 2. The chosen risks are Effectiveness of existing control measures and the Cost of proposed control changes. Using a scale of 1 to 5 and taking 1 to be ‘good’ and 5 to be ‘as bad as can be’, by addition, the Risk Rank Number of the Effectiveness of existing control measures factor was found to be 21, while that of the Cost of proposed control changes was found to be 5. By ranking all the factors it is possible to find the maximum a risk could be ranked. 3. The combination of all factors by either addition or multiplication proved to be a challenging and confusing task as one had to be very careful when selecting the rank for each factor or when combining the numbers from various scales. It was easy to give each rank its own scale. I. Comparing the same type of risk â€⠀œ â€Å"risk factors† Most of the articles shown are related to health conditions, with a few relating to business or financial matters. Most of those articles relating to health conditions are either discussing risk factors associated with cancer or those factors associated with heart conditions. In both cases, risk factors have been described as things that are have a tendency to increase the likelihood of a certain event taking place. II. As a sports person, the type of risk that that is of interest to me is the risk of losing a match. The risk factors associated with this type of risk include poor preparation before the match; misunderstanding between team members; lack of winning mentality and taking things for granted or being casual. If a does not prepare adequately before a match, it is most likely that that team will lose the game. This leads to misunderstandings between teammates, since there would be inadequate or lack of proper co-ordination. If a team lacks a wi nning mentality, then they would only be playing the match to avoid punishments or just for the sake of it. This is likely to lead to a loss. III. Preparation before a match – absent to excellent Misunderstanding between team members – worst to not present Lack of winning mentality – worst to absent Being casual – worst to not there I. For the explosion to occur; gas should escape from the cover drill hole and come in contact with flames from smoking or intrinsically unsafe electrical equipment. (pA * pBi) + (pA * pBii) = p Where pA is the probability that the gas escapes from the cover drill hole (0.5) pBi is the probability that smoking takes place (0.9) pBii is the probability that intrinsically unsafe electrical equipment will come in contact with the leaked gas (0.9) Therefore p = (0.5 * 0.9) + (0.5 * 0.9) = 0.45 + 0.45 = 0.9 II. Freq Consequence 1 $1,000.00 0.04 $500,000,000.00 III. Frequency, pa Consequence Risk, $pa 1 $500.00 $500. 00 0.6 $5,000.00 $3,000.00 0.35 $50,000.00 $17,500.00 0.2 $500,000.00 $100,000.00 0.11 $5,000,000.00 $550,000.00 0.064 $50,000,000.00 $3,200,000.00 0.04 $500,000,000.00 $20,000,000.00 $23,871,000.00 This is a highly economic alternative in case all the risk costs were covered with the airport operator. On the other hand, most of this accident’s costs, e.g. deaths, hull loss and associated costs were experienced by the air operators. It is also possible that the airport operator could experience the costs. This could happen in case the air operators decided to file a suit against the airport operator since he had failed in providing a secure airport operating structure. In addition, one could inquire whether it was affordable to provide ground radar in principle. A court would have seen this as a minor cost. This is proved by the fact that ground radar was installed after the accident. Therefore, it was affordable and thriftily acceptable to provide ground r adar. Works Cited Ashraf, Mozayan. The Forensic Laboratory Handbook Procedures and Practice. New York: Springer, 2010.Print. Brooks, Jamyn. Gravitation, Discovery of its Cause and Mechanism. London: J. W. Arrow Smith, 1977. Print. Burton, Ian, Rachel Kates, and Gerald White. The Environment as a Hazard. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978. Print. Clark, Williams. â€Å"Lessons for Ecological Policy Design: a Case Study of ecosystem management.† Ecological Modelling 7 (1972): 1-5 Douglas, Mark and Albert Widavsky. Risk and Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982. Print. Kahneman, Dupe, Paul Slovic, and Andrew Tversky. Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982. Print. Nelkin, Duke. â€Å"The Political Impact of Technical Expertise.† Social Studies of Science 5 (1975): 35-54 Reinout, Willem. The Cause and Mechanism of Igneous Intrusion: With Some Scottish Examples. London: Sage, 1937. Print. Schwing, Ri chard and Walter Albers. Societal Risk Assessment. New York: Planum Press, 1980. Print. Slovic, Paul, Sarah Lichtensten, and Baruch Fischhoff. â€Å"Risk and Environment.† Management Science (1984) 30: 464 Slovic, Paul. â€Å"Perception of Risk.† Science 241(1987): 280-285. â€Å"Subject notes and study guide for risk perception and analysis.† Swinburne University of Technology Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Science 3/08/ 2011. Print (Lecture notes). Trevor—Roper, Reagan. The European Witch Craze of the 16th and 17th Centuries and other Essays. New York: Harper and Row, 1968. Print. This assessment on Risk Perception and Analysis was written and submitted by user Adr1an to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on The African Oral Tradition

Stacy Adams ENGL233.001 Herbert Martin’s speech â€Å"The African American Oral Tradition† is about how African American writers imply oral forms in their literary works. African American literatures use several different types of genres to form its basis about slavery. Genres such as, spiritual, folk songs and gospels are all intertwined together to form each individual work. Martin begins by explaining the language of the African Americans. The law forbade anyone to teach the slaves standard English; therefore, they learned solely by ear. When they transferred the language that they heard to paper, a new style of language was formed which was referred to as dialect. Dialect was not Standard English because it was what the African Americans perceived they had heard or how they thought the word was spelled, since they were forbidden to learn Standard English. Dunbar is celebrated as the first African American writer. His literacy is still alive, however with a stigma attached. Dunbar was introduced to the public, whom despised dialect, but celebrated Dunbar whom used dialect. Because of the bad stigma attached to dialect, African Americans did not like to be associated with this style of language. They wanted to learn proper English. Wheatley, Dulaney, along with Walker were among the first to use formal verses in their writings. Folk poems are known as the lesser child to formal verses. Catches are a type of folk poem that is often used as sales and pitch songs. A catch was sung by martin that went like this; â€Å"Strawberries†¦Come and feel my sweet strawberries!† These songs are used to let people know what they have in their cart that they are selling. Martin speaks of the two elements that are essential to African American Literature, the spiritual and the sermon. Spirituals talk about salvation and freedom in the afterlife. Baldwin, a preacher is an example of a spiritual writer. A sermon, on the o... Free Essays on The African Oral Tradition Free Essays on The African Oral Tradition Stacy Adams ENGL233.001 Herbert Martin’s speech â€Å"The African American Oral Tradition† is about how African American writers imply oral forms in their literary works. African American literatures use several different types of genres to form its basis about slavery. Genres such as, spiritual, folk songs and gospels are all intertwined together to form each individual work. Martin begins by explaining the language of the African Americans. The law forbade anyone to teach the slaves standard English; therefore, they learned solely by ear. When they transferred the language that they heard to paper, a new style of language was formed which was referred to as dialect. Dialect was not Standard English because it was what the African Americans perceived they had heard or how they thought the word was spelled, since they were forbidden to learn Standard English. Dunbar is celebrated as the first African American writer. His literacy is still alive, however with a stigma attached. Dunbar was introduced to the public, whom despised dialect, but celebrated Dunbar whom used dialect. Because of the bad stigma attached to dialect, African Americans did not like to be associated with this style of language. They wanted to learn proper English. Wheatley, Dulaney, along with Walker were among the first to use formal verses in their writings. Folk poems are known as the lesser child to formal verses. Catches are a type of folk poem that is often used as sales and pitch songs. A catch was sung by martin that went like this; â€Å"Strawberries†¦Come and feel my sweet strawberries!† These songs are used to let people know what they have in their cart that they are selling. Martin speaks of the two elements that are essential to African American Literature, the spiritual and the sermon. Spirituals talk about salvation and freedom in the afterlife. Baldwin, a preacher is an example of a spiritual writer. A sermon, on the o...

Buddhist concept of the nature of things, people, the world, and Essay

Buddhist concept of the nature of things, people, the world, and nirvana - Essay Example During Samsara, living beings continuously face pain and suffering because of the wrong doings of the previous life. As long as a living being continues to commit sins and do bad, it creates reasons for rebirth and thus the cycle continues till self-recognition which ultimately leads to enlightenment and nirvana. In Buddhism rebirth is considered as a continuous process and each subsequent rebirth takes place within one of the five realsms based on the karmas performed by the living being. Naraka being is the worst of all and people who are born as Naraka beings are bound to live in hell during that particular life. Another form of birth is Preta or the ghost-form. Being a human being is considered as the only type of life in which the attainment of final enlightenment and thus Nirvana is possible. Being an animal or a Deva (spirit or angel) are also forms of life which can be achieved after rebirth. Mahayana teachings have presented a sixth form of life after rebirth in which a pers on can be reborn as a demon or titan, this form is called Asura. A formless realm, ‘arupa dhatu’ can only be achieved by the people who can meditate with intense depth (Smith and Novak). The whole concept of Samsara, the cycle of suffering and rebirth is based on Karma is the Sanskrit word for the actions and deeds performed by a person in this world. The future life of the person after rebirth is based on the Karma performed by him during the present life. Buddhism gives a lot of importance to the impact of actions of a person on the surrounding people and environment and thus Karma is referred to those deeds and actions which are intentionally committed and have certain consequences on the individual and the surroundings. A person is supposed to receive a ‘Phala’ or fruit for his Karmas. There is a difference of opinion about Karma in the Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism with the later presenting the strict version of the two (Conze). According to Theravad a Buddhism, a person is responsible for his Karma and will receive reward or punishment for his bad or good Karmas but a Karma once committed is attributed to a person and there is no way in which the punishment can be avoided. However Mahayana presents a softer ideology and according to Mahayana texts, the negativity of bad Karmas can be obliterated by reciting the specific Mantras (McGovern). The reality of life is explained by the Four Noble Truths which were the first teachings of Gautama Buddha. The life of a person always leads to sufferings in one way or the other because of the cravings of living beings which never end. Ending the cravings is the only way in which a living being can put an end to the sufferings and achieve liberation from the circle of life. Ending the carvings and achieving liberation is possible by following the Noble Eightfold Path as guided by Gautama Buddha. The Eightfold Path is based on finding out the actual reality of things which is in most cases d ifferent from the apparent form. A person who wishes to achieve Nirvana should be pure in his intensions, truthful in his dealings and harmless in his actions. By virtue of his existence, a person is bound to commit sins and bad Karma because he cannot control his mind (Keown). Meditation is the only way in which complete mind control can be exercised by making a sincere effort to improve the mindset and thinking. Samadhi is the correct way of meditating with clear consciousness and awareness about the reality of life

Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economics - Research Paper Example In other words, 1% of people in America controls more than 1/5 th of the total income generate in America. This is a striking fact. The author argues that economic inequality is not all about how much you make — it’s about how much you have (Rampell). For example, it is quite possible that an average American makes substantial money from his profession or business. However it is not necessary that the amount he makes may be sufficient enough for his expenditure if he may have more family members. In other words, an American who has only 3 members in his family and another one who have 5 or 6 members in his family cannot be considered equally with respect to economic equality, even if they earn same income. The followi9ng chart illustrates this argument clearer. (Rampell) From the above chart, it is clear that even though the top 1 percent of earners receive about a fifth of all American income; they hold about a third of American wealth. In other words, the income recei ved and the income controlled by the top 1% is unequal. In fact the top 1% controls more wealth than the actual wealth they received or earned. From the above fact, it is clear that the richest people in America are able to save more than what the average Americans save. The recent recession underlined the above fact. Richest people in America succeeded in escaping from the recent recession without causing many damages to their economic interests whereas the average American suffered a lot because of the recession. In other words, the savings of the average Americans were not adequate enough to meet any unexpected economic catastrophes. Highest earning Americans save more whereas the lowest earning Americans save less. In other words, as time passes, more and more wealth will be controlled by the highest earning people compared to the lowest earning people which is the major reason for economic inequality in America. Along with the increasing economic power, the bargaining power and the influences of the rich people may also increase. In other words, more of the shares of the governmental subsidies, relief packages, rebates etc will come in the hands of the rich people rather than going into the hands of the poor people. For example, President Obama has recently huge stimulus packages to help the people to come out from the economic crisis. However, majority of the shares of these stimulus packages went in the hands of the highest earning people. Wolf (2009) has pointed out that the stimulus plan will strengthen the economy by creating millions of good-paying jobs; deliver tax relief for 95% of workers and invest in America’s future by fixing our communities' roads and bridges, improving our children's education and making America more energy independent (Wolf). However, as per the statistics available, it is quite clear that these stimulus plans failed to generate much impact in the lives of ordinary people. When Obama proposed the 700 billion bailout package to the struggling industries in America, many people have raised their eyebrows. Major share of this huge money was gone into the hands of the private business men. In other words, Obama collected the money from the taxpayer’s pocket and distributed it to the private businessmen. In other words, the rich people became major beneficiaries of these stimulus packages also. Under the above circumstances, Rampell’

Federalist No. 69 and the Executive Branch Essay

Federalist No. 69 and the Executive Branch - Essay Example A government consists of three branches; the Executive, the Legislative, and the Judicial. The President of America has the right to revisit a bill, which undergoes two of the branches and forms into a law if approved by two-thirds of the people from both houses. On the contrary, the King of Britain has â€Å"an absolute negative† regarding approval from the houses. This naturally means agitation both from the Parliament and the public before a law is implemented rather by play than force. This authority is only invested in the King and not the President. Then Hamilton states four concrete points of difference between the King and the President: 1. The President has the authority to command the militia occasionally unlike the King of Great Britain and the governor of New York, who can command the whole militia at all times remaining in their numerous jurisdictions. Hence the power of the President is second-rate as compared to the other two. 2.   It is the duty of the Presid ent to be commander-in-chief of the United States’ army and navy. This article brings the President on equal grounds with the King and the governor, however lesser in substance. The President cannot declare war or regulate fleets and armies. Only the legislature has this authority. 3. The President can pardon call cases except for the impeachment case. This is not the case with the governor of New York who can even deal with the impeachment cases except for assassination and treachery. This is aggressively questioned by Hamilton for its undeserving distribution of power vested in the President. 4. The King of Great Britain and the governor of New York respectively have the influence to disband the Parliament or the legislature of the State which may be a purposeful control employed by the governor in certain delicate matters. The President, however, remains at the level of just adjourning only the national legislature under a single case of disagreement circumstance (Hamilton , 1992). These differences have been pointed out to display the real character of the executive, the President of the United States, who may not be compared to the King of Great Britain, not even the governor of New York. In reality, the U.S. Constitutions only recently gained power as the American Legislators made a conscious effort to regain the executive branch through the trust of the people. The President is the magistrate elected by the people of the United States. He is not completely independent because he is chosen for four years through fair elections (Tocqueville, 1945). The power as it is seen in the constitution did not exist prior to the introduction to the Constitutions of the United States. The people lived under the Articles of Confederation, which did not have an executive branch and it lasted for forty years (Prince, 1867). It was considered weak without the executive branch.  Ã‚  

Acer Company: Overview and Analysis

Acer Company: Overview and Analysis 1.0 Acer company profile Acer Incorporated is a Taiwan-based multinational electronics manufacturer. Its product includes laptops, desktops as well as servers and storage, personal digital assistance (PDA), peripherals, peripherals and e-business services for government, business, education, and home users. Acer is the third largest computer manufacturer in the world behind HP and Dell. The company also owns the largest franchised computer retail chain in Taipei, Taiwan. Acer was founded by Stan Shih, his wife Carolyn Yeh, and a group of five others as Multitech in 1976. The company was renamed Acer in 1987. It began with eleven employees and US$25,000 in capital. Initially, it was primarily a distributor of electronic parts and a consultant in the use of microprocessor technologies, but over time it began to develop as a PC manufacturer. The global headquarters is located in Hsinchu City, Taiwan. Acer began its foray into laptops with the purchase of Texas Instruments mobile PC division in 1997. In 2000, Ac er spun off its manufacturing operations as Wistron Corporation, to focus on sales and marketing of their core brand. Acer grew worldwide while simultaneously minimizing its labour force by identifying and using marketing strategies that best utilized their existing distribution channels. By 2005, Acer employed a scant 7,800 people worldwide. Revenues rose from US$4.9 billion in 2003 to US$11.31 billion in 2006. Acers North American market share has slipped over the past few years, while in contrast, European market share has risen. On August 27, 2007, Acer announced plans to acquire its US-based rival Gateway Inc. for US$710 million. Acers chairman, J.T. Wang, stated that the acquisition completes Acers global footprint, by strengthening our US presence. In January 2008, Acer announced that it had acquired a controlling interest of 75% of Packard Bell. The Acer 4Group is a family of four brands Acer, Gateway, Packard Bell and eMachines. This unique multi-brand strategy allows each brand to offer a unique set of brand characteristics that targets different customer needs in the global PC market. Today, the Acer Group still strives to break the barriers between people and technology. Its one of the worlds top 3 companies for total PC shipments, is No. 2 for notebooks. 4The successful mergers of Gateway Inc. (October 2007) and Packard Bell Inc. (March 2008) by parent company, Acer Inc., completes the groups global footprint by further strengthening its presence in the U.S. and Europe. Gateway was founded by Ted Waitt in 1985 in an Iowa farmhouse with a US7$10,000 loan guaranteed by his grandmother, a rented computer and a three- page business plan. Today, Gateway has grown into one of Americas best- known PC brands. The brand 7received national acclaim in 1991 when it introduced its distinctive cow-spotted boxes, a tribute to its farming heritage. In early 2004, Gateway acquired eMachines, and later 7moved its headquarters to Irvine, California. In October 2007, Gateway was acquired by Taiwan-based Acer, and the combined entities now comprise the third-largest PC Company in th e world. EMachines, one of the 14worlds fastest growing PC brands, was acquired by Gateway Inc. in March 2004. Marketed to families seeking reliable machines for everyday use, eMachines brings the PC to any and every home in need. 14It remains a stand-alone brand sold through leading retailers, e-tailers and channel partners in the U.S. and selects international markets. 5Packard Bell is one of the rare ones. The brand was born in 1926. In the 1920s and 1930s when radio was all the rage, Packard Bell emerged as a popular brand of console radios with a reputation for elegant design.  The first Packard Bell television sets were launched in 1948, just as the TV revolution was sweeping the world. Fast forward to the end of the 1980s, Packard Bell entered the personal computer market in 1987. It 5pioneered the use of the PC in the home, transforming an unfriendly but useful office tool into a friendly, indispensable feature of todays modern home. The Acer Group CEO and Acer Inc. Chairman, J.T. Wang is tasked with overseeing the groups global competitiveness. Since he assumed chairmanship in 2005, Acer Inc.s consolidated revenues grew from US$9.7 billion to US$14.1 billion in 2007. As the worlds No. 3 vendor for total PCs and No. 2 for notebooks, Acer has set its next goal on becoming the worlds No. 1 notebook vendor. Wangs promotion to Acer Group CEO in June 2008 will ensure smooth integration following the successful mergers of Gateway and Packard Bell and future growth of the group. Wang 17holds a bachelors degree in electrical engineering from National Taiwan University and an Executive MBA from Taiwans National Cheng-Chi University. He and his wife have two daughters. 2Gianfranco Lanci, president of Acer Inc. since 2005, assumed duo responsibilities as the company CEO in June 2008 an acknowledgement of his outstanding management. Under his performance-driven leadership, Lancis focus is to enhance the Acer Groups presence globally under a new multi-brand strategy following the recent acquisitions of Gateway and Packard Bell. After Lancis appointment 12as managing director of Acer Italy in 1997, he 12immediately began consolidating the channel- and partner- relations at all levels. His commitment to brand promotion has made Acer the No. 1 ranking notebook brand in Italy since 1997. 2In 2003 Lanci was appointed president of Acers International Operations Business Group, allowing him to be directly involved in the Pan-American market. The designation confirmed Acers acknowledgement of his outstanding channel management and marketing activities, as well as the key role he played for Acers success in EMEA. 3ISO Management System Acer is an ISO 9001 and 14001 certified company, meaning their quality control and environmental management systems meet international standards. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was established in Geneva, Switzerland in February 1947 with the goal to pro mote standardization of related activities in all countries around the world. ISO9001 is primarily concerned with quality management and fulfilment of customer demands for quality. ISO 14001 is primarily concerned with the voluntary establishment of environmental management systems (EMS) specially suited to each company. Each EMS should work to achieve sustainable management through voluntary and sustained improvement of environmental performance by means of pollution prevention and proper management. Acers Quality Policy 18Acers quality policy places an emphasis on delivering zero-defect, competitive products and services to customers on time. The motto proud to serve, proud of Acer shows our commitment to providing professional services. Acer Environmental, Health and Safety Policy As a global IT company focused on marketing and service, Acer endeavours to achieve balanced development in economy, environment and society. They are devoted to environmental protection. 2007/2008 Environmental Objectives The 5 environmental objectives are EMS, Green Product Development, Product Recycling and Treatment Services, Green Supply Chain and Strengthen Environmental Communication Platform. Social Welfare 8Founded in July 1996, the Acer Foundation was established through donations from personnel of various depa rtments throughout the company. Acer Foundations mission is threefold: research and develop technology and management; cultivate talents; and reward and promote service. Strategic Sponsorships Acer has always believed that sports and technology share the same ideals: strength, passion, competitiveness, coherence, skill and the determination to overcome new challenges. Their ability to identify strategically- favourable alliances has also helped make our brands recognized outside the IT industry. Acer has sponsor several events such as the Olympic, Scuderia Ferrari, F.C. International Milano and Yamaha Factory Racing Team. 2.0 Porters Analysis The Porters 5 forces is a simple tool but powerful enough to understand where powers lies in a business situation. Porter have introduce that 5 forces that is 6the bargaining power of customers, the threat of the entry of new competitors, the threat of substitute products, the intensity of competitive rivalry and the bargaining power of suppliers. The bargaining power of customers means the ability of the customers to put the firm under pressure to change the price of the goods and also affects the customers sensitivity to price changes. The customer bargaining power will be high when there a large volume of customers buying the product means theres is concentration of buyers, if these large group of buyer stop buying the product the company will be making a loss of the market share will also making a loss in the profit. The second factor would be the product is undifferentiated and can be replaces by substitutes means the customer can buy the same product from the other manufacturer . Acer substitute would be hp and Dell and Lenovo because they do manufacturer laptop and desktop. But Acer has come out with a very unique line of product that is the Acer Timeline Series, this series offer the screen size from 13.3 inch to 15.6 inch. The threat of the entry of new competitors means the barriers of entering into the industry. There are several things the company needs to be considering before going into any industry that is the high exit costs, interrelated businesses and customer loyalty. There will be high exit cost due to a lot of machinery need to be setups for manufacturing laptop and desktop all this setup need a large amount of money and when the manufacturer tends to leave the business it will lost all of this capital and asset unless he decide to sell those machinery to the other company this well lower down the exit cost. Interrelated businesses means there will be other manufacturer doing the same product as you are manufacturing, means they will be your competitor in the market. Customer loyalty means customer would like to stay with the brand they are using at the moment, this may be the company is doing a really good in after sales service. For example their product like Acer has a 3 year warranty for the laptop, while others rand doesnt provide this service for their customer. The threat of substitute products means the customer can find the product that almost has the same function with your company product. This may be due to the product you are selling is too expensive or the price is not reasonable thus making the customer to buy the product from other manufacturer. The other factor may be current trends now days people like to follow on the latest trend or so called fashion. Acer has come out with the trendiest laptop that is thin and long life time for the battery that can up to 8 hours. That is the Acer Timeline Series it does not only have 8hours of battery life, it also ultra thin that less than 1 inch, that makes conv enient for people to bring along anywhere, it also has multi gesture touch pad which can used like a mouse and also has a HD(high definition) which is as high as 16:9. We can see how it looks like in appendix 1 for the Acer Timeline Series. The Acer Timeline Series will cost from RM 2,000.00 to RM 3,250.00. Even though Apple has come out with the Macbook air but it still doesnt get a lot of attention due to it expensive price its price starts from RM 5,599.00 to RM 6,799.00 and it does not have a long battery life. By referring to appendix 2 we can see how a Macbook Air looks like. Sony has recently launched on 10th November 2009, but it price starts from RM 3,999.00 to RM 5,299.00. We can see how the Sony VAIO X looks like in appendix 3. Overall from the price review Acer Timeline Series still leading ahead of Macbook Air and the Sony VAIO X due to the price. The intensity of competitive rivalry in most industries the intensity of competitive rivalry is the major determinant of the competitiveness of the industry. By sustaining in the market a manufacturer has to make improvement or come out with new products that the other manufacturer does not manufacture or the product can be environmental friendly because now people want things that can reduce rubbish or wastage. Thus this will lead to a high barrier to exit. Acer has been doing this through manufacturing the Acer Timeline Series that allows a long battery life up to 8hours. Acer notebook pc market share in Europe increased in the third quarter of 2004, versus 11.4 percent in the third quarter of 2003. The bargaining power of suppliers is described as the market inputs. Supplier bargaining power will be high when the market is dominated or monopoly by one or a few suppliers. Thus when the supplier refuse to supply goods to the manufacturer the whole manufacturing process will stop. For example Acer main processor supplier will be AMD and Intel. If both of these suppliers simultaneously increase their pric e and Acer has no choice either to continue to buy the processor from them. This will lead the product of Acer to increase the price due to more expensive on processor if this happens consumer will tend to buy other brand of laptop or desktop thus Acer has loss part of its market share. To mitigate the power of supplier is to build win-win relationships with suppliers or arrange to use multiple suppliers. By making a win-win situation we can pay advance payment or pay the debt on time. 3.0 Limitation of the Porters analysis In the Porters analysis it has introduce the 5 forces that is the 6bargaining power of customers, the threat of the entry of new competitors, the threat of substitute products, the intensity of competitive rivalry and the bargaining power of suppliers. Michael Porter 5 forces analysis mostly focus on company external competitive environment. Below are the ways that can be used to overcome the limitation of Porters 5 forces. We can use SWOT analysis to overcome the limitation of Porters 5 forces, SWOT analysis is a strategic planning used to estimate the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats involves in a business operation. It involves specifying the objective of the business operation or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieving that objective. When the company has identified their strength they will put more effort to manufacturing or the best good. While the company have known or indentify the weakness they w ill correct it. Thus SWOT analysis will be used in decision making because it can 21provide a good framework for reviewing strategy, position and direction of a company or business proposition, or any other idea.  The strength of Acer is the support sales activities by understanding their customers businesses better and, able to keep fully up to date on their competitors business structure, strategy and prospects and qualify prospective partners and suppliers. PEST analysis can be used to overcome the limitation of Porters 5 forces. PEST stands for political, economic, social, and technological. PEST is a scan of the external macro-environment in which the firm operates. PEST analysis is a useful tool for the company to understand market growth or decline, and as such the position, potential and direction for a business. PEST analysis is a business measurement tool. Based on Acer strong research capabilities it allows them to determine the needs of their customers and their expectations. PEST analysis and market research findings can segment the market and develop cost effective ways of reaching them. This ultimately translates into strengthening Acer position in the market place and displacing competitors. The third way to overcome is the product life cycled (PLC) is 25a new product progresses through a sequence of stages from introduction to growth, maturity, and decline. Product life cycled is developed by Raymond Vernon. After a product moves through all these stages, its pricing, promotion, packaging, and distribution are re-evaluated and changed if required to prolong its life the life span of the product in the market. We can see how a product life cycle will go in the appendix 4. By preventing his product to fall at decline stage, Acer has a plan that is to upgrade his existing laptop into window 7 or by upgrading its storage volume this allow it to keep in trend with the latest window in the market. Value chain analysis is a concept from business management that was first described and popularized by Michael Porter in his 1985. Value chain analysis states how businesses receive raw materials as input, add value to the raw materials through various processes, and sell finished products to customers. By referring to appendix 5 will see the process of value chain analysis. Value chain analysis will help the company to specifically analyze and help create to a competitive advantage. Value chain is a very useful way to deliver maximum value to your consumer and to maximize the value of your product in the market. Acer has making a very wise decision that is by providing its product to have a 3 years warranty, thus customer will prefer to buy Acer because it has a longer period of warranty compare to other brand of laptop. Benchmarking will also be another way to provide solution for the Porters 5 forces. Benchmarking is the process of comparing the business processes and performance metrics including cost, cycle time, productivity, or quality to another that is widely considered to be an industry standard benchmark. There are 4 keys steps involving in the application of benchmarking that is understand in detail existing business processes, analyze the business processes of others, compare own business performance with that of others analyzed and implement the steps necessary to close the performance gap. Acer has used the benchmarking for role of key performance such as quality, distribution, supply chain management and pricing. The last way that I can mention to overcome or give solution is the six sigma. Six sigma is a business management strategy originally developed by Motorola. Six Sigma seeks to improve the quality of process outputs by identifying and removing the causes of defects and controlling variability in manufacturing and business processes. By using the six sigma theory Acer has give a three year warranty on its laptop, this is to give confident to the customer that their lifespan is longer than other brand laptop. 4.0 Conclusion Acer is a laptop and computer manufacturer The Company owns the largest franchised computer retail chain in Taipei, Taiwan. Acer is an ISO 9001 and 14001 certified company, meaning their quality control and environmental management systems meet international standards. Porters 5 forces are a tool that helps company to understand the business environment more. The 5 forces are bargaining power of customers, the threat of the entry of new competitors, the threat of substitute products, the intensity of competitive rivalry and the bargaining power of suppliers. Acer has used these 5 forces to gain the competitive advantage, gaining the market share, and how to provide a win-win relationship with the supplier. Since Porters 5 forces does not really cover all the information that a company need, we have to used other analysis such as SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, product life cycled (PLC), Value chain analysis ,Benchmarking and six sigma . By using this analysis we can overcome the limita tion of Porters 5 forces. Focusing Oriented Counsellor: Career Development Reflection Focusing Oriented Counsellor: Career Development Reflection Dvonne Loring The following essay is a reflective piece on my growth as a Focusing oriented counsellor over the course of the semester. It will document my introduction to focusing as a subject, my experience as a Focuser and as a companion and the evolution of each throughout the semester. In addition, my understanding of the process and the development of my own existing skills and the acquisition of new skills will be stated. A final reflection on my relationship with Focusing as the subject draws to a close will also be included. Over the course of the semester, I have consolidated my understanding of Experiential Focusing, the concept of the felt sense and how they contribute to therapeutic healing. I began this subject with no knowledge of Focusing whatsoever. The idea of bringing my awareness and entering the body was daunting for me as I operate on a very cognitive level. Learning that experiential Focusing is a gentle process oriented approach to therapy that invites the utilization of the body’s rich wisdom to facilitate therapeutic change (Cornell, 1996) helped ease some of my subject related anxiety. I learnt that to access this inner knowledge, a person’s awareness is shifted inside and navigation is done with the enigmatic felt sense as a guide, rather than intellectualizing (Purton, 2007). The felt sense is the quintessential concept of Focusing and one of many key aspects and principles developed by Eugene Gendlin. It is important to note however, Gendlin did not invent Focusing, it is a natural skill that he discovered (Cornell, 1996). It took me some time to really grasp what the felt sense was as it is not an emotion nor a body sensation or an altered state. A felt sense is a subtle, whole body sense of a complex situation (Gendlin, 1996). The more I attuned to and became aware of my own felt senses through experiential practice, where I learnt how to describe it rather than interpret it, the deeper my understanding became of the subject as whole throughout the semester. I had to learn that it was about feeling, not analyzing (Purton, 2007). What Focusing does is it accesses the felt sense which draws from a place of emergent unconscious process that is ready to be put under the light of consciousness. It draws from the vast realm of knowledge from the edge of awareness and channels it into transformational potential through in the moment experiencing. Focusing allows us to dip below the surface of the explicit into the implicit (Silverton, 2014). Thus with the use of the Focusing process and the felt sense, I began to realize I was learning how to help clients engage with their feelings and facilitate here and now experiencing, which is the key to successful therapy (Purton C, 2007). The Focusing process helped me release the angst I was experiencing about being a Focuser, and it also helped me with the struggle I was experiencing towards the subject itself. The idea of being a Focuser initially triggered some dim anxiety in me. I was concerned about what I might come across inside. Learning how gentle Focusing is however, and welcoming whatever arises (Gendlin, 1996) as well as understanding that the Focusing ‘procedure involves the maintenance of a comfortable distance’ (Purton, 2007, Pg. 46) was reassuring for me. I began using the experiential practice sessions where I was the Focuser as an opportunity to explore my existing and very present resistance to the actual subject and its content. There was always something in me that was stopping me from fully embracing the subject matter. With use of the Focusing process, I was able to enter my body with that as my issue and get a full body sense of it. Simply being with my felt sense caused a felt shift – a moment of movement (Purton, 2007). Having this experience on several different occasions was uplifting for my relationship with the subject and also empowered me as a Focuser. It helped me understand that encouraging clients to know they are the experts will motivate them to ask, interrupt, ignore or even to simply have a voice when something does not feel right for them in a session. They have choice and are allowed to communicate their preferences about what they need from their therapist as a Focuser and from the process, as it is th eir process (Leijssen, 1998). In doing this, they have an opportunity to achieve a real sense of self-autonomy as I did, which is what this non-directive process empowers clients to accomplish (Purton, 2007). My understanding of the importance of presence strengthened my ability to be a companion. Being in the role of the therapist, I wanted to execute my learning soundly and accurately. I wanted to have the Focusing attitude which embodies presence, gentleness and the ability to be vulnerable (Leijssen, 1998) and to also employ facilitative language with the use of appropriate reflections and invitations rather than questions. I learnt that the philosophy behind this approach highlights that the focusing process is not a technique but a way of being; it is an attitude to embody (Purton, 2007). I had to learn how to facilitate the process while personifying the Focusing attitude; it was a matter of finding the delicate balance between the two so that the Focuser perceives the empathy and acceptance that is being offered to them (Purton C. , 2004). Whenever I was in the process and my mind became cluttered with the theory and how to execute the skills I was learning whilst trying to hold s pace for the Focuser, I would remind myself to just be; my being was much more therapeutic than my doing. Bringing my awareness to my Focuser became an anchor for me. Ironically, in my attempts to perfect my ability to be a Focusing-oriented counsellor, I was in fact pushing myself further away from the most important thing which was my presence (Purton, 2007). What I learnt to remember is that all of this takes place in the present moment (Silverton, 2014). By being with my client and putting my trust in being guided by their process reminded me that I was not the expert which in effect liberated me as a companion. I was able to consolidate my understanding of the Focusing process which was helpful for some of the difficulties I came across in my practice. Gendlin’s six step process helped me grasp each stage. The process incorporates (1) Clearing the space, (2) Felt sense, (3) Handle, (4) Resonating, (5) Asking and (6) Receiving (Purton, 2004). I found clearing the space a valuable method that can be used on its own or within the Focusing process, as a tool for stress reduction (Purton, 2004) through creating appropriate metaphoric distance. This practice can become a wonderful friend, offering a path to self-knowledge (Silverton, 2014). My experience with the process illustrated to me I was confident leading my Focuser in and coming out. Inviting a felt sense to emerge and getting a handle were the most difficult steps as it was hard initially for me to differentiate when my Focuser was describing ‘something’ or a ‘part of them’ as a pose to when they had discovered a felt sense. Sometimes an entire session would be checking in with the Focuser to see if a felt sense was going to emerge. With further practice, Gendlin’s steps became more of a guide for me. The process follows the material of the Focuser therefore the process cannot be rigid. The Focusing process is actually quite simple, but I found the complexities as a companion lie in the multitude of complex processes that include the language, terminology, how to reflect, how to invite and how to create the right amount of distance in order to follow the unfolding process with the Focusing attitude. Being aware of the subtle nuances of the Focuser in their tone, mannerisms and gestures was also important as in these are avenues to intricate possibilities for moving forward (Fleisch, 2009). The more I grappled with the process, the more I was able to identify areas for further improvement in my practice. In doing so I was learning how to deepen the client’s awareness to their own embodied knowledge (Fleisch, 2009). This subject gave me an opportunity to consolidate existing skills and develop a set of new skills. Core person-centred conditions such as presence, unconditional positive regard and empathy are all essential in the Focusing process. I gained further experiential practice as a companion at grounding myself with presence, holding space and meeting my client’s with unconditional positive regard. Despite majority of my Focuser’s having their eyes closed during their process, I would still mirror their non-verbal communication, as this helped me to remain present and was helpful in my attuning process. Once I had a reasonable theoretical understanding of the Focusing process I had to master the acquisition of new skills such as facilitative language used to support presence and to stay with the emerging process at hand. Reflecting is important as it helps the client know they are being understood. Reflections should follow the Focuser and their felt sense as this is the the rapist’s attempt to grasp what the client is experiencing by repeating back exactly what they are trying to say (Gendlin, 1996). It is done with a soft and gentle tone of voice which came quite naturally for me, and always precedes an invitation. I definitely found invitations were much more effective in accessing felt senses than asking questions. Questions run the risk of deviating from presence, and shift the client back to a cognitive level of thinking. Invitations encourage a friendly attitude towards the felt sense (Gendlin, 1996). Focusing is a constant intervention with its consistent checking in and checking back. By strengthening these existing and new skills, my facilitation to help clients to attend wholly personal issue improved. Thus they can open up fresh perspectives and new insights which is what Focusing offers (Silverton, 2014). My relationship with Experiential Focusing has grown over the semester as it coincides with my beliefs about what therapy encompasses. I respect the Experiential Focusing approach in that it is non-directive and follows the guided process of the Focuser. It really reinforces my true belief in every human being’s ability to self-actualise and my role as a Focusing-Oriented counsellor within the holistic framework aids in facilitating this. I deeply resonate with its gentle approach and how through presence, a client can feel heard, met and have their existence validated but to also have the opportunity to listen to and potentially build a relationship with their felt sense (Silverton, 2014) to access their own empowering knowledge. Focusing sees an individual in process, not as a problem or pathology. Rather diagnosing and curing, Focusing gives a person the opening to be and to allow. This was affirming for my learning and development as an aspiring person-centred, holistic co unsellor. The bulk of my learning in this subject came experientially. Cognitively it was a struggle to understand, but I found my inner understanding of fundamental Experiential Focusing concepts grew tremendously through actually participating in or observing the process. The more I understood what the felt sense was and became aware of my own, the more the comprehensive the theory became for me. Thus, Focusing taught me how to deal with ambiguity and vague ideas, and gave me the ability to simply sit with them. It comes as no surprise that the hard to recognise notion of the felt sense is hard to grasp in contrast to our social context where there is huge pressure in our technological culture to know (Silverton, 2014). We have lost trust in our bodies and our feeling (Cornell, 1996), forgetting that the body has sophisticated understanding and Focusing gives a means of accessing that. With Focusing being process-oriented means it is fluid. It can adapt to people varying a great deal in bein g able to sense what is going on in their bodies (Purton, 2004), ‘letting that which arises from the Focusing depths within a person define the therapist’s activity’ (Leijssen, 1998). This is at the core of person-centred methodology and my personal beliefs. Through theoretical learning and experiential practice, I have gained insight and deepened my self-awareness through participating in the Focusing process as a Focuser, observer and a companion. These have all contributed to my growth as a Focusing-Oriented counsellor over the semester, all of which have been essential for my learning as a holistic counsellor. I have embarked on a learning journey to have a comfortable relationship with strong feelings, to acknowledge them and listen to them using the Focusing method, and I now have the ability to invite a client for an opportunity to do the same. Focusing offers a safe and contained environment to access and explore the felt sense which has its own depths of meaning (Gendlin, 1996). By encouraging felt experience as a whole, one gains admission to an abundance of emotional self-healing. Bibliography Cornell, A. W. (1996). The Power of Focusing. Oakland: Raincoast Books. Fleisch, G. (2009). Right in Their Hands: How Gestures Imply the Bodys Next Steps in Focusing-Oriented Therapy. Person-Centred and Experiential Therapies, 173-188. Gendlin, E. (1996). Focusing-Oriented Psychotherapy. A Manual of the Experiential Method. New York: The Guilford Press. Leijssen, M. (1998). Focusing Microprocesses. In L. W. Greenberg, Handbook of Experiential Psychotherapy (pp. 121-154). New York: The Guilford Press. Purton, C. (2004). Person-Centred Therapy: Focusing-Oriented Approach. London: Palgrave Macmillian. Purton, C. (2007). The Focusing-Oriented Counselling Primer. Ross-on-Wey: PCCS Books. Silverton, S. (2014, October). How to Think Like a Poet and Make Better Decisions. Retrieved from British Focusing Association: http://www.focusing.org.uk

The Immeasurable Value of Science Essay -- Science, Scientific Theorie

Few people would disagree that the study of science is a vital part of the world we live in. It is when you take a step back and assess why is true that you are able to appreciate science for it’s many contributions to our daily lives. When thinking of science, people commonly think of some high school or college laboratories filled with students working with Bunsen burners and beakers bubbling with colored liquids, but science goes far beyond the walls of these educational facilities. Science can be found not only in laboratories and classrooms, but also outside in a meadow, or in the kitchen of a restaurant, or even in the night sky. From pharmaceutical labs that create medication to helps people fight diseases, to a seventh grade class excited to launch their hand-crafted rockets, to understanding that scientific theories are used to better describe natural occurrences; science is everywhere, and is utilized in all different types of mediums. It is important to remember t hat science plays a crucial role in society and each person individually because constantly effecting us all in so many extraordinary ways. Science is subject in which many people view as a study of creating, building, and experimenting with things to discover and form results. One aspect of science is about creating objects and building knowledge to find results and products that expand on current ideas and devices. A popular television show on the Discovery Science channel, â€Å"How It’s Made,† offers viewer a glimpse into the processes of how objects from our everyday lives are created and assembled. In one episode, the show follows the process from which plastic materials are melted, dyed, molded and then run through a series of machines to produce thousan... ...rough various examples of science thought of, explored, and applied in every day life, it is clear that science holds extreme value for individuals and society. Without science we would be drudgingly stuck with the same thoughts, ideas and products because we were uninterested in thinking rationally about how to improve upon these existing things to create and inspire better. Without science we would not be able to have an intellectual understanding and enjoyment of many processes and occurrences in our every day lives. Of course, without science, the white paper you read from, the shoes you walk in, and the car you drive would not exist. It is important to know that science plays a vital part in all of our lives, every day, at any given moment, and the value of science to the individual and society is immeasurable with all of these many things taken into account.